Spasticity

MS and Spasticity

Spasticity is a common symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS), affecting many people at some stage of the condition. It refers to feelings of stiffness, involuntary muscle spasms, or sudden movements in the arms or legs. These symptoms can range from mild tightness to severe, painful spasms that may make moving or daily activities more difficult.

Spasticity happens when MS disrupts the messages between nerves and muscles, causing the muscles to contract or resist movement more than usual. For some people, spasticity can also disturb sleep or increase fatigue.

Although spasticity can be challenging, there are various treatments and physical strategies that can make a big difference. Working with your healthcare team can help you find ways to manage stiffness and stay as active and comfortable as possible. You are not alone—support and effective management are available.

What is spasticity?
It is increased muscle stiffness, tightness, or involuntary contraction (spasms), especially in the limbs. For some, spasms are mild and infrequent. For others, they can be severe and interfere with walking, sitting, and daily activities.
MS damages nerve pathways that control muscle movement, reducing the brain’s ability to relax muscles after they contract. Spasticity can be triggered by infections, pain, sudden movements, temperature changes, emotional stress, a full bladder/bowel, or being startled.
Let your GP, MS Nurse, or physiotherapist know. Assessment may include identifying triggers, evaluating home safety, and checking for underlying causes like infections or constipation. Self-monitor for patterns and report new or worsening symptoms.
  • Regular gentle stretching and strengthening as directed by a physiotherapist
  • Move and change positions frequently if sitting most of the day
  • Use proper posture and positioning
  • Avoid triggers (e.g., extremes of temperature, sudden movements)
  • Manage stress with relaxation, yoga, or leisure activities
  • Use physical therapy aids/adaptive devices as needed
Treatment includes physiotherapy, stretching, exercise, medications (to reduce spasticity but these can cause drowsiness), nerve blocks, or in severe cases, botox injections or surgery. Occupational therapists can assist with equipment for daily life.

General Information

You are not alone in managing spasticity. Reach out for advice and support from:

Physical Symptoms